Synthesis of Biodiesel from Soybean Oil using Heterogeneous KF/ZnO Catalyst

Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of soybean oil with methanol using ZnO loaded with KF as a solid base catalyst. It was found that the catalyst with 15 wt.% KF loading and calcined at 873 K showed the optimum activity. XRD, IR and Hammett indicator method were employed for the catalyst characterization. The results showed the activity of the catalysts was correlated with their basicity. The influence of various reaction variables on the conversion was also discussed.     

丙烯酸酯无皂乳液的研究

在甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯的无皂乳液体系中，加入适量的自制聚氨酯型反应性乳化剂(URE)，考察单体配比和有机溶剂对乳胶膜性能的影响，并研究了聚合物乳液的稳定性。结果表明：与传统乳液聚合体系相比，所合成的胶乳耐电解质、耐酸碱、耐有机溶剂的性能均好。     

尿素嵌入法制备纤维素氨基甲酸酯的研究

探讨了尿素嵌入法制备纤维素氨基甲酸酯(CC)的生产工艺。指出:选用聚合度为450~625、α-纤维素含量大于90/的纤维素浆粕,用14/~16/的氢氧化钠溶液,于40~50℃条件下活化处理30~40min后,与尿素以1∶2~3的比例混合,在137℃的二甲苯体系中反应2~3h,便可得到含氮量为2.4/~3.5/的纤维素氨基甲酸酯产物。该产物在氢氧化钠溶液中可形成良好的稳定溶液,过滤性好,可直接用于纺丝。     

柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法快速测定3,5-二氯苯甲酰氯

以无水甲醇作柱前衍生试剂，建立了反相高效液相色谱法间接测定3，5-二氯苯甲酰氯的新方法。实验结果表明，在流动相：甲醇-水（85：15），流速：1．0mL／min，检测波长：288nm的条件下，定量校正曲线具有良好的线性关系，相关系数（r）为0．9999。方法用于样品中标题物质的测定，RSD=0．19％（n=6），加标回收率为99．9％-105％。     

纤维素衍生化手性固定相的制备和对噻吗洛尔拆分

用超声方法合成了三(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰基)纤维素(CTNB)、三(4-溴苯甲酰基)纤维素(CTBB)、三(苯甲酰基)纤维素(CTB)、三(4-甲基苯甲酰基)纤维素(CTMB)、三(4-硝基苯甲酰基)纤维素(CTPB).将此类衍生化纤维素作为薄层色谱的手性固定相,结合展开剂的优化,对噻吗洛尔对映体进行拆分研究,并对衍生化取代基对拆分效果的影响以及对映体在手性固定相上的拆分机理进行了详细的探讨.     

吡啶为助剂合成甲酸甲酯的动力学研究

在60～90℃对以吡啶为助催化剂由一氧化碳合成甲酸甲酯的反应进行了动力学研究。结果表明该反应为2级反应,速率方程rυ=-dpco/dt=k[MOH]pco,无助催化剂时反应活化能Ea=67.63kJ/mol,反应速率常数k=9.66×106exp(-67.63×103/RT)(mol-1·L·min-1);当有助催化剂存在时,反应活化能为Ea=61.19kJ/mol,反应速率常数k=8.82×106exp(-61.19×103/RT)(mol-1·L·min-1)。并对助催化剂吡啶的助催化机理进行了探讨。     

连续加压炔化反应合成脱氢芳樟醇

研究了以液氨为溶剂 ,在反应温度 35～ 4 0℃ ,压力 2 0～ 2 5MPa的条件下 ,6 甲基 5 庚烯 2 酮连续加压乙炔化反应制备脱氢芳樟醇工艺 ,考察了反应时间、物料量比对反应的影响 ,并对反应机理作了初步探讨。实验表明 ,反应温度 35～ 4 0℃ ,压力 2 0～ 2 5MPa ,n (6 甲基 5 庚烯 2 酮 )∶n (催化剂 )∶n(乙炔 )∶n(液氨 ) =7∶1∶5 1∶15 3,反应时间为 2 1h ,脱氢芳樟醇收率为 92 %～ 94 % ,产品经减压精馏后 ,脱氢芳樟醇质量分数大于 98%     

纤维素LiCl/DMAc体系的溶液特征

本文研究了纤维素LiCl／DMAc体系的溶液特征。实验结果证明该体系具有良好的时间稳定性和热稳定性，能在常温下近30天内没有明显的粘度降低；在100℃高温下，4h不降解。同时测定了溶液的特性粘数和Huggins常数，Huggins常数在0．4～0．6之间，对比纤维素的铜乙二胺（Cuen）溶液，发现特性粘数[η]LICI/DMAc＞[η]Cuen，无扰尺寸ALiCi／DMAc＞ACuen，可见在LiCl／DMAc体系中，溶剂与纤维素分子表现出更强的相互作用力，分子链充分伸展。该体系的特性粘数、粘度常数不仅与温度、溶剂有关，而且是LiCl浓度的函数，具有与聚电解质溶液相类似的性质。这可能是因为纤维素分子链上的H质子和溶液中的Cl-离子相互作用，而使纤维素分子带上部分电荷，相互排斥而引起的。因此利用M－H方程测分子量，粘度常数的确立必须考虑诸多因素的影响，否则会导致分子量的高估。     

Transient testing of soy methyl ester fuels in an indirect injection,compression ignition engine

An evaluation of the exhaust emissions from a compression ignition engine for fuels composed of 100 and 30% methyl esters of soy oil (SME) is described. These fuels were compared with a low-sulfur, petroleum #2 diesel fuel in a Caterpillar 3304, prechamber, 75 kW diesel engine, operated over heavy- and light-duty transient test cycles developed by the United States Bureau of Mines. More than 60 h of testing was performed on each fuel. The objective was to determine the influence of the fuels upon diesel particulate matter (DPM) and gaseous emissions. The effect of a modern diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) also was determined in an effort to minimize emissions. Neat SME produced a higher volatile fraction of the DPM, but much less carbon soot fraction, leading to overall DPM reductions of 23 to 30% for the light- and heavy-duty transients. The DOC further reduced the volatile fraction and the total DPM. The SME fuel reduced gaseous emissions of CO by 23% and hydrocarbons by over 30% without increasing NO_x. The DOC further reduced CO and hydrocarbon levels. Mutagenicity of the SME exhaust was low. Results indicate that SME fuel, used with a proper DOC, may be a feasible emission reduction technology for underground mines. References to specific products do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, a now defunct agency.     

Modification of cellulose fiber with silk sericin

Cellulose fiber surface was modified with silk sericin (or simply, sericin). Sericin fixation on cellulose was confirmed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR). Sericin content in finished samples was estimated by dyeing treated fabrics with an acid dye, Supranol Bordeaux B, and determining K/S and L values of the dyed fabrics. The treated fabrics were tested for free formaldehyde content, crease recovery, tensile strength, electrical resistance, water retention, and biocidal activity. From ESEM and FTIR‐ATR results, it was found that sericin coated onto cotton surfaces as a film. Increasing sericin content in the finishing solution increased the amount of coated sericin, and a greater depth of color in dyed samples and reduced free formaldehyde content in treated samples were observed. The sericin content in samples was found to have a negligible influence on tensile strength and crease recovery angle. With increasing sericin content, electrical resistivity of the samples dramatically decreased and water retention increased, indicating that sericin‐treated fabrics may be comfortable to wear because of its maintenance of moisture balance with respect to human skin. Because cotton textile coated with sericin exhibited low formaldehyde content and no biocidal activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, the fabric may reduce skin irritation and disturbance of physiological skin flora arising from textile contact. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1421–1428, 2005